“Whoever tells the stories, defines the culture.”
My oldest son and his friends have been watching a lot of The Who Was? Show on Netflix. The series explores the lives of famous people from history. Before dinner recently he excitedly listed all the people he had learned about. After reciting the names he made this obvious but important observation: “That was a lot of white people I guess!”
To be fair, both the show and the original books do a decent job of covering a variety of “heroes” from across history. But that hasn’t always been true of popular shows and books. For generations and in many schools today, students have been taught white history as U.S. history (and often by white teachers as the profession as a whole is far less racially diverse than the students in their classrooms). Of course, this goes well beyond just centering on white heroes. Alia Wong wrote in the Atlantic that as recently as 2015 a U.S. textbook described the slave trade as bringing “millions of workers from Africa to the southern United States to work on agricultural plantations.”
This kind of violent omission and re-framing of our sordid past are dangerous myths to hand down to our children.
“But what else can I say? The truth is just too much for them.”
This sentiment is not unique among white parents. It turns out that most white parents in the U.S. either wait a long time to introduce concepts until they think their children are “ready” or adopt a colorblind approach, telling their children that “they don’t see color.”
Indeed, in a recent study 75% of white parents reported that they never or almost never talk about race. Parents of color, on the other hand, are three times more likely to talk about race with their children. As writer Jemar Tisby notes, “Though all parents are vigilant about keeping their children safe from harm, “Black parents, on top of that, have to worry about shielding their children, and healing them, from antiblack racism” making conversations about race unavoidable.
In his book Between the World and Me, Ta-Nehisi Coates writes to his son, “I did not tell you that it would be okay, because I have never believed it would be okay. What I told you is what your grandparents tried to tell me: that this is your country, that this is your world, that this is your body, and you must find some way to live within all of it.”
Many white parents yearn to make the world okay by avoiding race in hopes that they can inoculate their young children against learned bias and prejudice. The impulse is certainly understandable but the impact is culturally devastating. The problem is that racism and white supremacy is part of the air children breathe in the United States so avoiding the topic doesn’t protect children from it. It simply reinforces it.
What’s more, we know from research that children start assigning meaning to race in early childhood on their own regardless of whether we talk to them about it or not. By glossing over current inequalities and the role that race plays in our society even a well intentioned “colorblind” approach inadvertently reinforces inequalities and racial divisions.
Black History Month: An opportunity to talk
February is here and children across the country will be engaging in various ways with Black contributions to American history. I have such strong memories of sitting in the gym alongside my elementary school classmates, listening to Mr. Howl powerfully reenact Dr. King’s I Have a Dream speech. In retrospect, it is clear that other speeches, leaders, and histories remained hidden from view.
Done well, schools can center and amplify the often hidden histories, stories, and strengths of Black people and communities. Done well, Black students have more opportunities to “talk back” to and disrupt dominant narratives that have centered whiteness in curricula and school culture. Done well, schools and communities can have important conversations about how to follow Black leadership year round, not just for one month in the winter. And finally, done well, parents can connect with their children around what they are learning in school and talk about race, whiteness, and racism at home.
The good news is that parents who talk about race can improve their children’s racial attitudes when compared with children whose parents gloss over its significance. To the point, an important study found that the children who were the least biased by age six were those whose parents had talked to them about race.
In addition, we parents should also take this opportunity to do some homework ourselves. The challenge is that most schools during Black History Month center on single heroes in history, sanitized speeches, or famous inventions. While a fine start, research shows that these kind of multicultural curricula don’t go far enough to disrupt racial bias in children. For example, simply studying the biographies of famous people of color does not do as much to improve racial attitudes as learning about the racial oppression and resistance experienced by those same heroes.
In other words, learning the context of resistance at a young age is a powerful antidote to racism.
“That was a lot of white people, I guess!”
In all honesty, as a white parent, my son’s casual comment triggered a familiar tiny ping of anxiety born from a lifetime of cultural colorblind messaging. I’ve worked hard over time to try to interpret these kinds of pings not as cues to shut it down but as signals that we are about to learn something.
At the time, I simply mirrored back his own observation with, “You are right! That is a lot of white people! What do you think of that?” In perfectly-second-grade righteous indignation, he went on to say that it didn’t look much like the real world and wondered, “Who decides these things?” – a question that we can explore for years to come.
Lest you think though that this spurred an hour of introspection and critical analysis let’s be clear that after a bit more back and forth, he abruptly announced “Okay! Let’s talk about something else now!” (also perfectly normal-second-grade). We moved on to looking together for some episodes that didn’t just feature white folks.
Talking about race and racism doesn’t happen all at once and it changes as our kids grow up. You don’t need to prepare a lecture (please don’t) or a comprehensive thesis on dismantling white supremacy. We do need to be willing to keep talking, asking questions, and adding layers to our understanding of how race shapes the world.
If you don’t know where to start, that’s okay. Uncertainty is fundamental to parenting and we don’t always know exactly how to respond to our kids or what to say next. This is no different. What I do know are the following:
- Seeing and naming whose voices and perspectives are centered and whose are at the margins is a critical skill.
- Sharing the real political context and struggle of our cultural heroes is essential. We have to dig and practice to get better at it.
- Transformation requires discomfort but we all benefit from the difficult, humbling and ultimately rewarding work of expanding our circle of concern.
- Our children are often ready before we are.
- We can’t stop at the end of the month.
_____
DO:
- Reflect. How has race shaped your life? Did you grow up talking about race? Why or why not? Do you talk about race now? What helps or gets in the way? What images does your child see in your home?
- Get started. If this is new to you, try starting with the next book you read. Call white characters white and so on. Start where you are and keep going.
- Name differences and similarities as you read and tell stories. Ignoring race, ability, or class simply gives stereotypes and prejudice more power. Talk about similarities and shared values without erasing differences.
- Support Black, Indigenous, and People of Color owned businesses, movements, media, music, and art in your home.
- Cultivate a diverse library. Don’t just look for Black and brown faces. look for stories that have multidimensional, complex characters with agency. Use resources like weneeddiversebooks.org for ideas.
- Model curiosity. When you don’t have all the answers, show your child that you care enough to find out more.
- Talk to your child’s school. Learn more about the school’s plan for Black History Month and about centering Black, Indigenous, and people of color in curriculum year round.
- Check out:
- Talking About Race – National Museum of African American History and Culture
- How to Talk to Kids About Race and Disrupt Racism – The Conscious Kid
- Raising White Kids – Integrated Schools podcast with Jennifer Harvey
DON’T
- Limit your action to just talking. Children watch what we do more than what we say and are learning from the ways we interact with others in the places we worship, shop, learn, govern, and build community.
- Assume that not talking about race and racism (or sexism, homophobia, etc…) will make it go away.
- Expect POC teachers, friends, or colleagues to do the heavy lifting. Your children need to see you building your own skill set in talking, learning, exploring, and facing truths.
- Let your discomfort, worry, guilt, defensiveness or uncertainty get in the way of growth.
Works referenced:
1. Brown et. al. (2006). Child, Parent, and Situational Correlates of Familial Ethnic/Race Socialization. Journal of Marriage and Family. 69(1), pp. 14-25.
2. Van Ausdale, D. & Feagin, J. (2002). The First R: How Children Learn Race and Racism. New York:Rowman and Littlefield.
3. Stain, S. (2017). White Families and Racial Socialization: A Review. American Cultural Studies Research Papers. 7. http://cedar.wwu.edu/fairhaven_acscapstone/7
4. Bigler, E. (1999). The Use of Multicultural Curricula and Materials to Counter Racism in Children. Journal of Social Issues. 55(4), pp. 687-705.
7. Weissbourd, R., et. al. (2014). The Children We Mean To Raise: The Real Messages Adults Are Sending About Values; Executive Summary. Cambridge, MA, Harvard Graduate School of Education. Making Caring Common Project.
8. Vittrup Simpson, B. (2007). Exploring the Influences of Educational Television and Parent-Child Discussions on Improving Children’s Racial Attitudes. Dissertation submitted to University of Texas at Austin. Access at: https://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2007/simpsonb80466/simpsonb80466.pdf
9. Katz, P. (2003). Racists or Tolerant Multiculturalists? How Do They Begin? The American Psychologist. 58. 897-9